https://academy.5g-courses.com/courses/towards-5g-online-course, 5G Core Network - a Short Overview - Grandmetric, 5G Interworking Architecture - Grandmetric, https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/Workshops-and-Seminars/201707/Documents/Joe-Wilke-%205G%20Network%20Architecture%20and%20FMC.pdf, 5 Most Popular Posts From 2018 - Grandmetric, http://www.eurecom.fr/fr/publication/5218/download/comsys-publi-5218.pdf, https://www.etsi.org/images/files/ETSIWhitePapers/etsi_wp28_mec_in_5G_FINAL.pdf, Firewall Network Security attack vectors. new business opportunities without bringing extensive or costly reconfigurations. I think that in general this allows for more generic approach i.e., you dont have to have any special actions (as you mentioned reject causes etc.,) for specific cases, but handles different options using a single way and this suits well the slicing concept where you configure the tracking areas and allowed/non-allowed area depending on your situation. In the standalone (SA) deployment of 5G, good inter-working with the LTE system to facilitate inter-RAT mobility between the two RATs will be required. It focuses on the interactions between pairs of network functions defined by point-to-point reference point (e.g., N7) between any two network functions (e.g., SMF and PCF). may end up with different core network solutions. Thanks, Ashutosh for your kind words! As well see, some of them look very similar to the corresponding functions in the previous generations core networks (CN). an IMS, Internet, etc. However, the support of N26 is not mandatory. This technology adds an extra dimension to the NFV domain by allowing multiple logical networks to simultaneously run on top of a shared physical network infrastructure. Note: If you want to revisit the good-old reference point architecture representation for 5G, read our other blog on the general 5GC aspects:[5G CN Overview]. How does it work and help for low latency? Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson 1994-2022, Sustainability and corporate responsibility, Functionality to be deployed in different locations, Security for 5G Service-Based Architecture: What you need to know. Yes, the 5G system architecture with reference points is still there! More specifically, in a non-allowed area a UE is service area restricted based on its subscription. Great job Marcin for being so considerate & helpful . Metalowa 5, 60-118 Pozna, Poland ii) The network allocates to UE one IP address/prefix for the MA PDU Session and two additional IP addresses/prefixes, called link-specific multipath addresses/prefixes; one associated with 3GPP access and another associated with the non-3GPP access. Another thing is that in this architecture, we have a full CP & UP split in the core network, i.e. The introduction of eCPRI interfaces presents a more cost-effective solution as fewer interfaces can be used to test multiple 5G carriers. 1). Another major difference in 5GCs CP is the structure, because it has different functional separation of Access and Mobility Functions (AMF) and Session Management Functions (SMF). The MA PDU IP address/prefix shall be provided to the UE via mechanisms defined in clause 5.8.2.2. 2) In 5G NFs definitions its written for SMF (AMF has part of the MME and PGW functionality from EPC world) . To address this challenge, the European Commission has created a 5G for Europe action plan to jump start progress and create a roadmap for deployment in all EU states by the end of 2020. In the UE, these two IP addresses/prefixes are used only by the MPTCP functionality. Data Network (DN) is a 5G term for, what was called PDN in 4G, i.e. What are the limitations of 5G System? With 5G data transmission occupying the millimeter wave, free space propagation loss, proportional to the smaller antenna size, and diffraction loss, inherent to higher frequencies and lack of wall penetration, are significantly greater. In Figure 5.32.6.1-1, the IP@3 corresponds to the IP address of the MA PDU Session and the IP@1 and IP@2 correspond to the link-specific multipath IP addresses. Taking a dual-mode approach to core evolution, Considering service providers concerns for protecting investments already made in the network, we have designed a solution, as described in Figure 1, that allows full integration of new. For both questions, the most relevant place is the 3GPP web, on which you can find all the details. Regarding the individual NFs, some of them are a modified, split, or merged version of the good old EPC functions (like MME, SGW, PGW, HSS & PCRF) namely, AMF, SMF, PCF, UDM, AF, UPF or AUSF. Only emergency services are allowed in such cases. Thank you Marcin for your valuable feedback and explanation. On 3GPP web, in turn, there is a plenty of documents, while the 5G related ones are in 38-series (regarding RAN and air interface), and 23-series (regarding Core network). Access independent means two things in this context: The upper part of the figure (5GC Control Plane) has a bus and service-based interface exhibited by individual function. He co-authored a number of research papers targeting 5G radio interface design and a book "From LTE to LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G" published by Artech House. 3). To experience www.ericsson.com in the best way, please upgrade to another browser e.g., Edge Chromium, Google Chrome or Firefox. * first it enables independent evolution of the access network from the core network (i.e., separates RAN from CN); It ensures capacity, elasticity and agnosticismtotheunderlying infrastructure, and high levels of orchestration and automation for operational efficiency. NRF is present only in the service based architecture version of 5GC. 5G is building on the security practices of past mobile technology generations, yet the trust model has become much more expansive with more players involved in the service delivery process. With such requirements in mind, the 3GPP has kept the basic idea of having a flat architecture, where the Control Plane (CP) functions are separated from the User Plane (UP), in order to make them scaling independent allowing operators to use this functional split for dimensioning, deploying, and adapting the network to their needs. Updated. This makes deployment more flexible, allows for interworking with legacy networks and a smooth evolution to 5GC. This enables flexibility and creates new opportunities for competition, provides open interfaces and open source development, ultimately to ease the deployment of new features and technology with scale. The new 5G core, as defined by 3GPP, utilizes cloud-aligned, service-based architecture (SBA) that spans across all 5G functions and interactions including authentication, security, session management and aggregation of traffic from end devices. Here, we use 3GPP Non-roaming architecture to describe the interworking between 5GS and EPC/E-UTRAN (Fig. Conn. to Internet: userA EPC IPX. May I know what is the main function of Data Network in 5G system? Proximity of neighboring countries and a vast proliferation of carriers will make the rollout particularly challenging in Europe. Inter-working between 4G and 5G systems is an important aspect in deployment of 5G networks, especially in the mmW bands (due to limited coverage), as network operators would always prefer an underlying LTE coverage to support the UEs that go out of 5G coverage. The need for these new techniques has emerged due to the various profiles of data services that must be supported by the 5G network. Phone: +1 302 691 9410 Regarding your comments thanks for spotting! Services are allowed after a certain time window, which is intimated by the regulators on-demand. This essentially creates a shortcut in content delivery between the user and host, and the long network path that once separated them. In LTE, for such cases we achieve service barring at many levels TAC level, Cell-ID level as well as at the APN level, all orchestrated by the PCRF. . This creates a so-called Service Based Architecture (SBA), in which, one CP network function (e.g. Your email address will not be published. M. Rahnema, M. Dryjanski, From LTE to LTE-Advanced Pro and 5G, Artech House, 2017. This becomes integral to 5G architecture by creating end-to-end virtual networks that include both networking and storage functions. This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. During the past 12 years, Marcin has served as R&D Engineer, Lead Researcher, R&D Consultant, Technical Trainer, Technical Leader and Board Member. In the previous section covering 5G CN functions, we used the service-based representation to explain the roles played by the different network functions based on their service. The link-specific multipath IP addresses/prefixes shall be allocated by the UPF and shall be provided to the It is located outside the core network belonging to the services part of the system. what is the use case behind this as we do not have this concept in 4G NAS. Consequently,depending on howcommunicationservice providersdeploytheirradio networks, which technologytheyuse for coverage band,and which technologytheyuse for capacity bands,theymay end up with different core network solutions. Email: info@grandmetric.com, LTE and 5G differences - Function Decomposition Between RAN and CN, 5G Standardization consulting | 5G Tender & Feasibility study analysis | 5G POC project management | Tailored 5G Trainings | 5G R&D. 5G networks based on the 3GPP 5G specifications are an ideal environment for MEC deployment. SMF) allows any other authorized NFs to access its services. You can reach Marcin at marcin.dryjanski@grandmetric.com. The LTE EPS and 5GS can be connected to each other with the user able to be independently registered on either system, and achieve mobility between the two systems using the different modules involved, allowing efficient inter-working. They should alsohave a common set of resourcesthat can be usedfor servingthecomplete subscriber base. Cisco ISE What is Identity Service Engine? Is there similar concept adopted in 5G as well? 5G Standards & Spectrum Focus Day Overview, 5G research activities in Europe (part 2 H2020 projects). But, unlike EPC functions, AMF, SMF, and UPF should be access independent. introduced in 5G. Thank You for your sharing. On the other hand, there are some functions that are new related either to the concept of slicing (i.e., NSSF), to support handling multiple slices, or to the SBA itself (i.e., NEF & NRF) to support the concept of services subscription, exposure, and access. 200 Vesey Street Characteristics of the MEC include the low latency, high bandwidth and real time access to RAN information that distinguish 5G architecture from its predecessors. Thank you for this very information post. SBA principles apply to interfaces between CP functions within 5GC only, so interfaces toward Radio Access Network (RAN), user equipment or user plane (UP) functions (N1, N2, N3, N4, N6 and N9) are excluded. With these changes come new security risks and additional attack surfaces exposed within the 5G security architecture. He earned aPh.D., with honors,from Poznan University of Technology in 2019. Emblematic of this shift will be the gradual transition from non stand-alone mode to standalone mode 5G architecture options. If the UE indicates it is capable of supporting the MPTCP functionality, as described in clause 5.32.2, and the network agrees to enable the MPTCP functionality for the MA PDU Session then: PGW was acting a bit as UP and CP node, having some DHCP functionality and IP address allocation and PCEF functionality). regarding MEC, you can check out this article: http://www.eurecom.fr/fr/publication/5218/download/comsys-publi-5218.pdf (a scientific one about MEC in LTE for low latency), and a short one from ETSI: https://www.etsi.org/images/files/ETSIWhitePapers/etsi_wp28_mec_in_5G_FINAL.pdf. Im glad its helpful. I already read the 5G White Paper but I still couldnt understand the system better. As per TR23.799, the 5G System shall support the NR, the Evolved LTE, and non-3GPP access types. The IoT and user propagation create an exponentially higher number of endpoints with many of these traffic inputs no longer supervised by human hands. A key Network Function (NF) of SBA is the Network Repository Function (NRF), which provides NF service registration and discovery, enabling NFs to identify appropriate services in one another. As far as Im aware, the multiple IP addresses can be used for a UE supporting the MPTCP Functionality, see in [TS23.501, section 5.32.6.2.1], and per the mentioned section, the following paragraph is included: In addition to the latency and bandwidth benefits of the MEC architecture, the distribution of computing power will better enable the high volume of connected devices inherent to 5G deployment and the rise of the Internet of Things (IoT). While if you mean 5G by using NSA with 5G NR being suplement to LTE, the core network comes from EPC thus the corresponding node is HSS. Do you have any article for MEC? MEC is an evolution in cloud computing that brings the applications from centralized data centers to the network edge, and therefore closer to the end users and their devices. EIN: 98-1615498 Core Network, 5G RAN, Management and orchestration. The O-RAN ALLIANCE objective is to allow multi-vendor deployment with off-the shelf hardware for the purposes of easier and faster inter-operability. This, of course, is not surprising, as the network always has to carry out some basic functions, such as: communicate with the UE, store its subscription and credentials, allow access to external networks & services, provide security, and manage the network access and mobility. Despite the reliance on existing architecture, non-standalone mode will increase bandwidth by tapping into millimeter wave frequencies. Fig. Ok, lets discuss a bit of the 5GC network functions themselves and what functionalities they support (note that not all functionalities of individual functions are present). 5G Energy efficiency how to achieve it? As 5G deployment continues and critical performance nodes become increasingly virtualized, operators will need to continually monitor and assess security performance. info@grandmetric.com. Please sign up for email updates on your favorite topics. So far, mobile networks have been designed keeping the average smartphone user in the center. Industrial nations such as China, Japan and India are heavily invested in the practical as well as the financial implications of the 5G conversion. 5G has broadened this scope to offer a broad range of wireless services delivered to the end user across multiple access platforms and multi-layer networks. As per the above example, a stationary UE, if it is brought out sides its allowed area ( i.e. Figure 1: 5G System: Service-based architecture (SBA) [1]. LBO ( Local Breakout) is old concept from LTE or 3G times but it was not implemented by most of the MNOs because of billing complications. 1. There is any diference bwtween HSS and UDM with respect to interface and protocol, Could we use the same HSS for 5G? According to 3GPP TS23.501: The SMF shall process the UE IP address management related messages, maintain the corresponding state information and provide the response messages to the UE. This representation also includes point-to-point reference points between the NFs where necessary (see lower part of Fig. For 4G, the sequence in which the traffic traverses the vNFs is as follows: Call : userA EPC IMS SBC On the other hand, the smaller antenna size also enables much larger arrays to occupy the same physical space. I have another few questions. The infrastructure inherent to standalone 5G deployment will necessitate a worldwide step function in 5G integration for various geographical regions. Marcin Dryjanski is the co-founder, principal consultant, and a board member at Grandmetric, where he provides consulting services and training courses on LTE and 5G-related topics, as well as leads companys wireless research on Grandmetrics IoT platform. Fig. 5G Architecture OptionsBridging the gap between 4G and 5G will require incremental steps and a well-orchestrated game plan. Fig. +48 61271 04 43 This of course is not surprising, as the network always has to carry out some basic functions such as: communicate with the UE, store its subscription and credentials, allow access to external networks & services, provide security and manage the network access and mobility. Marcin is co-founder of Grandmetric and co-founder and CEO at RIMEDO Labs. AMFs can be interconnected (using N14 interface) and when interconnected, they should belong to the same MNO. Is it similar to a server? This includes the network slicing technology that enables multiple virtual networks to run simultaneously. ul. Adherence to best practices means end-to-end network security monitoring throughout the system architecture, devices and apps. However, we will also see some new functions, that were not present before, which are needed to enable the new network paradigms like slicing and service-based networking. NFV and 5GNetwork function virtualization (NFV) decouples software from hardware by replacing various network functions such as firewalls, load balancers and routers with virtualized instances running as software. If you take a look on the other two possibilities i.e. Services are provided via a common framework to network functions that are permitted to make use of these services. Other changes include a separate Authentication Server, and several new functions, such as the Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) and the, and any device should be able to access th. In addition to that, Marcin was a work-package leader in EU-funded research projects aiming at radio interface design for 5G including FP-7 5GNOW and FP-7 SOLDER. Among the improved 5G security features detailed by the 3GPP standards are unified authentication to decouple authentication from access points, extensible authentication protocols to accommodate secure transactions, flexible security policies to address more use cases and subscriber permanent identifiers (SUPI) to ensure privacy on the network. eCPRI is aimed to be a standardized interface for 5G used for instance in the O-RAN front haul interface such as the DU. They will work independently of the RAN type (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G)? Other changes include a separate Authentication Server(AUSF)and several new functions, such as the Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF) and the Network Exposure Function (NEF).