The water lost from the boiler as steam or blowdown is replenished with boiler feedwater. Although there was a very big effort on trying to adjust the chemical dosage as much precise and quickly as possible, these actions were not enough to guarantee good in the box control results. Be substantially foreign to the chemical species that are normally present in the water of the boiler systems in which the inert tracer(s) may be used; 4. Insufficient water flow in a tube due to design or operational considerations may also cause film boiling. As shown in Figure 3 for the TRI-AD and Congruent Control types of pH/phosphate programs (although the present invention is not limited to these types of pH/phosphate programs), a line drawn between the existing PO/pH coordinates and the desired PO/pH coordinates identifies the appropriate directional vector that indicates what parameter needs to be increased to approach or regain the target coordinates. (a) help to condition any hardness sludge that may form as the result of feedwater contamination; and. Limit or eliminate phosphate feed during hideout When calcium phosphate is formed in boiler water of. Such analyses, that is, the measurements of the light emitted in response to the light transmitted to the feedwater and/or blowdown, can be made on-site, preferably on an almost instant and continuous basis, with simple portable equipment, such as the photodetector and screens described above. In either the TRI-AD or the Congruent Control program, actual choice of phosphate product(s) (phosphate feed) used to control the system may vary with plant or company preference. Among the various types of corrosion inhibitors are organic compounds, which act by adsorbing or chemisorbing as thin layers on metal surfaces to separate the water and metal. For example, polymeric dispersants are often added to boilers to control iron deposits therein. Typical pH/Phosphate Operating Control Guidelines, FEEDWATER pH CONTROL FOR STEAM GENERATORS, Apparatus and method for automatic congruent control of multiple boilers sharing a common feedwater line and chemical feed point, Water quality parameter determination device for water circulating in heat generating or distributing installations comprises bypass pipe containing flow sensors and components for cleaning and conditioning them, Fluorescent compounds for use in industrial water systems, Fluid system evaluation with multiple chemical tracers, Boiler water pH value adjusting method and adjusting system, Liquid chromatogram waste liquid treatment device, Water quality management method for boiler can water, Method for determining the existence of phosphate hideout, Fluorescent tracers - chemical treatment monitors, Visual analytical tracer and method for detection and quantitative analysis for water treatment chemicals, Continuous on-stream monitoring of cooling tower water, Determining or monitoring parameters in boiler systems, Transition metals as tracers of chemical treatment, Monitoring performance of a treating agent added to a body of water, Method for mitigation of caustic corrosion in coordinated phosphate/ph treatment programs for boilers, Concentration cycles, percent life holding time and continuous treatment concentration monitoring in boiler systems by inert tracers, Monitoring water treatment agent in-system concentration and regulating dosage, Regulating water treatment agent dosage based on operational system stresses, Leak detection and responsive treatment in industrial water processes, Transition metals as treatment chemical tracers, Method and device for creating and analyzing an at temerature and pressure oxidation-reduction potential signature in hot water systems for preventing corrosion, Very high-temperature fluorescent tracer and automation for boiler water applications, Method and device for preventing corrosion in hot water systems, Method for detection and quantitative analysis for water treatment chemicals, Method and device for cleanup and deposit removal from internal hot water system surfaces, Method and device for preventing corrosion in hot water systems undergoing intermittent operations, On-Line Monitoring Of Neutralizing Corrosion Inhibitors, Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase, Despatch of communication of intention to grant, Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent, Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent, Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo], Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo], Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee. Polymeric dispersants or sludge conditioners are added with the phosphate to condition the sludge for improved removal from the boiler. Due to the above reasons and other occasional difficulties, the time in the box for the Na:PO4 was considered very poor and far from the ideal. In the process of the present invention the boiler cycles and phosphate concentration are determined, and a pH/phosphate program is controlled through an enhanced technique. The combination of HPLC-fluorescence analysis is particularly effective for measuring minute levels of the tracer(s) in highly contaminated fluids. 69402138, Country of ref document: These are recommended limits for levels of treatment. In phosphate treatment, excess caustic combines with. When the high heat flux or high load condition is reduced, the species (phosphate. One series of compounds applied to reduce copper and copper-alloy corrosion are aromatic organic corrosion inhibitors. Congruent phosphate control is the boiler water internal treatment most widely in many industries, especially in the pulp and paper, due to its inherent contamination possibilities The great benefit lays on the ability of this program to absorb small quantities of contaminants, such as acid, caustic, liquors and others. These compounds form sludge, which, when properly conditioned with polymers, is removed from the boiler via blowdown. Anderson Jos Beber great article! An ever increasing concentration of dissolved and suspended solids in the boiler water would inevitably result in very serious problems, including deposit formation, corrosion, foaming, mechanical and selective carryover, decreased heat transfer efficiency, boiler tube failure or occlusion, and the like. For instance, for most feedwater and/or boiler water backgrounds, a compound that has a relative fluorescence of at least about 5 at a reasonable concentration is very suitable as a tracer(s). (It is desirable but not required that the inert tracer be monitored along the feedwater line for the cycles determination portion of the present invention, but a tracer, which may or may not be inert, must be monitored along the feedwater line for the phosphate concentration determination portion of the present invention. The discharged steam is replaced by contaminant-containing feedwater. ChemTreat designs our scale inhibitors and deposition control treatment programs to prevent and control crystallization that causes boiler scale deposits to form. In phosphate treatment, excess caustic combines with disodium phosphate to form trisodium phosphate. The differing hydrolysis effects of different sodium phosphates when selectively adjusting pH, PO, or both, to keep pH and PO coordinates within the desired range are shown in a control diagram discussed below. A couple of these conditions are scale/deposits that form on the inside walls of piping and corrosive boiler feedwater. Liquid phosphate products are considered by some plants the most convenient form and these are commercially available, for instance under the trade names of Nalco 7208 and 7209 from Nalco Chemical Company of Naperville, Illinois. At the time of its discharge, any blowdown stream will have the same composition as the water retained within the boiler system at that time. Thus the present process includes the detection of the absence of such chemical species, at least to the limitations of the analytical method employed. Although high pressure boilers and the requirements thereof are at times discussed above in relation to the present invention and pH/phosphate programs, neither the use of pH/phosphate programs nor the use of the present invention are limited to high pressure boilers. When steam is generated, substantially pure HO vapor is discharged from the boiler, leaving the impurities (the dissolved and suspended solids) behind, which increases their concentration in the boiler water. The method of any of Claims 1 - 15 wherein a feedwater-tracer is added to said boiler in said feedwater. Formulating the tracer and the phosphate together is one technique that easily will provide a reliable correlation between the tracer feed rate and the phosphate feed rate. The time required for reaching such steady state after a uniform dosage (feed rate) of inert tracer has begun can be calculated from the following Formula II: The cycles determination of the present method is comprised of the following steps: The present invention may be employed regardless of a boiler's normal blowdown flow operation and control. (Since orthophosphates are comprised of sodium and phosphate in molar ratios of 1, 2 and 3, it is common practice to describe an orthophosphate or a mixture of orthophosphates in terms of its sodium-to-phosphate molar ratio, Na:PO). The stream of water from a boiler that is monitored for purposes of the present invention may be, for instance, a sidestream off a constantly-flowing blowdown stream. ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA, Free format text: When energy in the form of light, including ultra violet and visible light, is directed into a sample cell, fluorescent substances therein will absorb the energy and then emit that energy as light having a longer wavelength than the absorbed light. Cleaner boilers can more often be achieved with chelants than with any form of precipitating treatment. The controller not only controls the phosphates blend and ratio dosed into the boiler. The purity standards allow a maximum feedwater hardness of only 0.1 ppm or less. A method of controlling a pH/phosphate program in a boiler water system wherein steam is generated from boiler water within a boiler and said steam is discharged from said boiler, said boiler water contains impurities and the concentration of said impurities in said boiler water is reduced by discharging fractions of said boiler water as blowdown, feedwater is fed to said boiler to replenish said water discharged from said boiler as steam and blowdown, wherein said boiler has a concentration cycle value which is the value of the average concentration ("C. (1) determining the feed rate of said phosphate to said boiler by adding to a phosphate-feed stream containing said phosphate feeding to said boiler a phosphate-feed tracer in known proportion to said phosphate, determining the concentration of said phosphate-feed tracer in said phosphate-feed stream and correlating said phosphate-feed tracer concentration to said concentration of said phosphate; (2) determining said boiler cycles value by adding an inert blowdown tracer to said boiler water at a known rate and determining said concentration of said blowdown tracer in said blowdown; (4) optionally determining the feed rate of said alkalinity source to said boiler by sampling a alkalinity source-feed stream containing said alkalinity source feeding to said boiler and determining the concentration of said alkalinity source in said alkalinity source-feed stream; (5) providing the data defining at least said phosphate-feed rate value, said boiler cycles value, and said blowdown pH value to a control center; (6) optionally maintaining said alkalinity source feed rate constant or providing the data defining said alkalinity source feed rate to said control center; The method of Claim 1 wherein said phosphate is fed to said feedwater stream by a phosphate pump upstream of said boiler and said phosphate-feed stream is said feedwater stream downstream of said phosphate pump. Also shown in Figure 3 is Box C (circumscribing Area C) and Box D, Box D encompassing the combined Area C and Area D. Both of Boxes C and D are bounded by the 2.3 and 2.6 Na:PO ratio lines. In practice, the light is directed into the sample cell through an optical light filter so that the light transmitted is of a known wavelength, which is referred to as the excitation wavelength and generally reported in nanometers ("nm"). The inability to maintain a free residual can result in hardness scale formation during upsets. Thanks for share your knowledge. Thus concurrent analyses for multiple tracers is possible by selection of tracers having appropriate spectral characteristics. The additional steps are: For the determination of phosphate concentration, the tracer may be inert or active, as discussed below, and the tracer characteristic sensing is conducted at a point that is preferably downstream of the tracer and phosphate addition point(s) and upstream of point that the feedwater enters the boiler compartment. Preferably the selected inert tracer(s) also meets the following criteria: In preferred embodiment, the chemical compound(s) selected as an inert tracer(s) should not be one that is consumed or lost to the water of the boiler system, for instance due to degradation, deposition, complexation, or other phenomena, unless such consumption or loss is at a rate that is predictable. In general, the concentration of a tracer(s) can be determined from a comparison of a sample's emissions intensity to a calibration curve of the given tracer's concentration versus emissions, for the same set of excitation wavelength/emission wavelengths. The sidestream 28 is shown ahead of the blowdown valve 20, which is a preferred position for the sidestream 28 regardless of the normal blowdown valve operation. Large industrial condensate return systems or extensive feedwater heating systems (as found in a utility operation) are major sources of both iron and copper impurities which can enter the boiler. Limits on boiler cycles of concentration, so as to limit the maximum impurity concentration within a boiler, are routinely set by boiler and turbine manufacturers, water treatment companies and the industrial plants employing the boilers. The major remedial measure is costly downtime for the cleaning of the internal surfaces. Such a boiler has a concentration cycle value (boiler cycles), which is the value of the average concentration ("C. The inert tracer overcomes problems with phosphate "hideout", which causes operators to make incorrect program adjustments in their efforts to stay within their control parameter range ("control box"), which is discussed in more detail below. Clearly a variable oxygen content is very difficult and costly to control. excellent article, I added a new knowledge to myself that I am not an expert on the subject, Frayne, Colin. In preferred embodiment, the blowdown tracer is a fluorescent tracer and the boiler cycles is substantially continuously monitored on-line by sensing the fluorescent characteristic of the blowdown tracer in the blowdown. However only in 1975 that Rosemer and Dale upgraded the widely known pH and PO4 ratio according the boiler operating pressure. Not only it became able to have 100% of points in box, but also it was possible to gather a strong concentration of points very close together. Using carbonate, the hardness is precipitated as calcium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide. Natural alkalinity of the feed water will be adequate to keep a high enough level of ph within the boiler. Essentially pure HO leaves the boiler as steam. A sidestream 28 off the blowdown line 18 supplies a small continuously cooled sample stream for monitoring the concentration of the inert tracer in the boiler by means of appropriate instrumentation 30, which is shown diagrammatically in FIGURE 1, and is discussed in more detail below. Case History, Pulp Plant, High Pressure Recovery Boilers. (A Na:PO ratio of 2.6 corresponds to a 3:2 blend of trisodium and disodium phosphate.) (4) Steam having an essentially zero solids content is generated and discharged from the boiler at a rate of 900,000 lb. Therefore, the introduction of phosphate treatment eliminated the problem of calcium carbonate scale. That is, the concentration of solids in the blowdown should be 10 times the concentration of solids in the feedwater. A single inert tracer that acts as a feedwater, phosphate feed and blowdown tracer is referred to herein as the solitary tracer. These compounds are active corrosion inhibition treatment components and are referred to generally herein as copper corrosion inhibitors or corrosion inhibitors, or as aromatic azoles, and at times as triazoles or aromatic(thio)(tri)azoles. (b) design heat transfer rates exceed 150,000 Btu/hr/sq ft.; (c) boiler water circulation is disturbed due to weld backing rings, tube dents, or unusual tube or boiler designs; and/or. This balance between the rate of introduction of impurities ("solids") to a boiler together with feedwater and the rate of solids discharge from the boiler with blowdown may be represented by a hypothetical boiler operation example as follows: The desired cycles value for such a boiler balance is 100/10 = 10. This article describes the results of the knowledge based control applied to the high pressure boilers at a pulp mill and show precise conclusions for this controller. 6. Condensing and backpressure turbines are used to drive generators, compressors, and the like, while supplying extraction or exhaust steam for plant use. Sodium phosphates help fulfill this requirement. There are several water treatment companies which have specific programs that include phosphates for boiler water treatment. The naphthalene mono- and disulfonic acid isomers are water-soluble, generally available commercially and easily detectable and quantifiable by known fluorescence analysis techniques. 4,783,314, J. E. Hoots and B. E. Hunt, issued November 8, 1988, incorporated herein by reference, wherein inert fluorescent tracers are employed in combination with a fluorescence monitoring, such as the sodium salt of 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid. The phosphate hideout phenomenon can pose a significant chemistry control problem in high pressure boilers that experience load variations. When calcium phosphate is formed in boiler water of. Typically under Congruent Control the phosphate-pH relationship is controlled to maintain a solution phase (boiler water) Na:PO ratio range of 2.6:1 to 2.3:1. Using the pipet, add 1 ml of vm phosphate reagent to test the sample. In hydrogen cracking, atomic hydrogen formed as a result of corrosion of the tube surface (from alkali or acid attack) migrates or diffuses into the tube metal where it combines with the carbon contained in the cementite (FeC) to form methane gas, as shown in Equation 4. The control vectors on Figure 3 provide the direction in correcting a transient (fugitive) condition in control. Hydrogen cracking (embrittlement) of boiler steel can occur as an additional consequence of high temperature zone deposit accumulations, (normally found only above 1800 psig).